{"id":2000,"date":"2024-10-07T16:47:38","date_gmt":"2024-10-07T08:47:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.xtaa.cn\/?p=2000"},"modified":"2024-10-07T16:47:38","modified_gmt":"2024-10-07T08:47:38","slug":"python-%e4%be%9d%e8%b5%96%e6%b3%a8%e5%85%a5_dependency-injection-%e4%be%9d%e8%b5%96%e6%b3%a8%e5%85%a5%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/blog.xtaa.cn\/index.php\/2024\/10\/07\/python-%e4%be%9d%e8%b5%96%e6%b3%a8%e5%85%a5_dependency-injection-%e4%be%9d%e8%b5%96%e6%b3%a8%e5%85%a5%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3\/","title":{"rendered":"python \u4f9d\u8d56\u6ce8\u5165_Dependency Injection-\u4f9d\u8d56\u6ce8\u5165\u8be6\u89e3"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u4f7f\u7528Dependency Injector<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ed3\u6784\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u53eb\u505a\u96c6\u88c5\u7bb1\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5bb9\u5668\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u90fd\u662f\u663e\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bf9\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u5b83\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u5bb9\u5668\u5c31\u50cf\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u3002\u4f60\u603b\u662f\u77e5\u9053\u4ec0\u4e48\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4ec0\u4e48


\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u4f9d\u8d56\u6ce8\u5165\uff0c\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u597d\u5904\uff1f
\u4f9d\u8d56\u6ce8\u5165\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f7f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u66f4\u52a0\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u3001\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u3001\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u601d\u60f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f4e\u8026\u5408\uff0c\u9ad8\u5185\u805a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6211\u7684\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u5148\u5199\u597d\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f46\u53c2\u6570\u4ec0\u4e48\u7684\u4e0d\u5199\u6b7b\u5728\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4f9d\u8d56\u6ce8\u5165\u540e\u9762\u518d\u4f20\u5165\u8fdb\u6765\uff08\u8bb0\u65f6\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5bf9\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a
\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

import os\n \n \nclass ApiClient:\n \n    def __init__(self) -> None:\n        self.api_key = os.getenv(\"API_KEY\")  # <-- dependency\n        self.timeout = int(os.getenv(\"TIMEOUT\"))  # <-- dependency\n \n \nclass Service:\n \n    def __init__(self) -> None:\n        self.api_client = ApiClient()  # <-- dependency\n \n \ndef main() -> None:\n    service = Service()  # <-- dependency\n    ...\n \n \nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n    main()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u4f9d\u8d56\u6ce8\u5165\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\uff1a\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u51fd\u6570\u4f20\u53c2\u65b9\u5f0f\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
import os\n \n \nclass ApiClient:\n \n    def __init__(self, api_key: str, timeout: int) -> None:\n        self.api_key = api_key  # <-- dependency is injected\n        self.timeout = timeout  # <-- dependency is injected\n \n \nclass Service:\n \n    def __init__(self, api_client: ApiClient) -> None:\n        self.api_client = api_client  # <-- dependency is injected\n \n \ndef main(service: Service) -> None:  # <-- dependency is injected\n    ...\n \n \nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n    main(\n        service=Service(\n            api_client=ApiClient(\n                api_key=os.getenv(\"API_KEY\"),\n                timeout=int(os.getenv(\"TIMEOUT\")),\n            ),\n        ),\n    )<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u5f88\u591a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4e0d\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u6ce8\u5165\u5668\uff08dependency_injector \u6846\u67b6\uff09\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u7ec4\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5927\u6982\u5f62\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
from dependency_injector import containers, providers\nfrom dependency_injector.wiring import Provide, inject\n \nclass Container(containers.DeclarativeContainer):\n \n    config = providers.Configuration()\n \n    api_client = providers.Singleton(\n        ApiClient,\n        api_key=config.api_key,\n        timeout=config.timeout,\n    )\n \n    service = providers.Factory(\n        Service,\n        api_client=api_client,\n    )\n \n \n@inject\ndef main(service: Service = Provide[Container.service]) -> None:\n    print('main',service.api_client.api_key)\n \n \nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n    container = Container()\n    container.config.api_key.from_env(\"API_KEY\", default='api_key', required=True)\n    container.config.timeout.from_env(\"TIMEOUT\", as_=int, default=5)\n    container.wire(modules=[__name__])\n \n    main()  # <-- dependency is injected automatically\n \n    with container.api_client.override(mock.Mock()):\n        main()  # <-- overridden dependency is injected automatically<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u6837\u5b9e\u73b0\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u597d\u5904\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. \u4f9d\u8d56\u81ea\u52a8\u7ec4\u88c5\u548c\u6ce8\u5165<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. \u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7container.api_client.override(mock.Mock()) \u4f7f\u7528\u6d4b\u8bd5\u51fd\u6570<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. \u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u914d\u7f6e\u591a\u5957\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6ce8\u5165\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. \u51fd\u6570\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u66f4\u52a0\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u770b\u51fa\u5165\u53c2\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    dependency_injector\u6846\u67b6\u4e3b\u8981\u6784\u6210
    \u5de5\u5177\u96c6 \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\/\u7c7b \u5907\u6ce8
    Providers<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    Factory, Singleton, Callable, Coroutine, Object, List, Dict, Configuration, Resource, Dependency\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    1. \u5e2e\u52a9\u7ec4\u88c5\u5bf9\u8c61;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. \u65b9\u4fbfOverriding\u8986\u76d6<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
      Overriding
      container.api_client_factory.override
      container.api_client_factory.reset_override
      \u8986\u76d6\u5bf9\u8c61\u6539\u53d8\u6ce8\u5165
      Configuration \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4ece\u591a\u79cd\u6e90\u8bfb\u53d6\u914d\u7f6e\uff1ayaml\u3001ini\u3001json\u3001env\u7b49
      Resource \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3cSingleton\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u52a0\u8f7d\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff0c\u548c\u5378\u8f7d\u8d44\u6e90\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
      container \u5bb9\u5668\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b
      Wiring \u63d0\u4f9b@inject\u88c5\u9970\u5668\uff0c\u6307\u793a\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u88c5\u9970\u7684\u51fd\u6570
      <\/p>\n\n\n\n


      <\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
      \u4f7f\u7528Dependency Injector\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ed3\u6784\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u53eb\u505a\u96c6\u88c5\u7bb1\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5bb9\u5668 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2000","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-10"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/blog.xtaa.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2000","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/blog.xtaa.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/blog.xtaa.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blog.xtaa.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blog.xtaa.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2000"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/blog.xtaa.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2000\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2001,"href":"http:\/\/blog.xtaa.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2000\/revisions\/2001"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/blog.xtaa.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2000"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blog.xtaa.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2000"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/blog.xtaa.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2000"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}