1\u3001\u5e7f\u544a\u4f20\u64ad\u4e2d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u81f3\u4eca\u767e\u8bd5\u4e0d\u723d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u80cc\u540e\u90fd\u6709\u67d0\u4e2a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2\u3001\u7b56\u5212\u4eec\u4ee5\u540e\u5199PPT\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u603b\u662f\u7528\u9a6c\u6d1b\u65af\u4e94\u5c42\u9700\u6c42\u4e86\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u62ff\u6765\u88c5\u903c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f9d\u65e7\u4e11\u8bdd\u8bf4\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6211\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u67d0\u4e2a\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u201c\u5e7f\u544a\u8425\u9500\u624b\u6bb5\u201d\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u53ef\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u51e1\u4e8b\u90fd\u6709\u76f8\u5bf9\u6027\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u9002\u7528\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\uff0c\u4ec1\u8005\u89c1\u4ec1\uff0c\u667a\u8005\u89c1\u667a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u770b\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6709\u6240\u6536\u83b7\uff0c\u90a3\u4f60\u8d5a\u5230\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u770b\u4e4b\u540e\u89c9\u5f97\u4e0d\u5bf9\uff0c\u90a3\u8bf4\u660e\u4f60\u5728\u601d\u8003\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u600e\u6837\u4f60\u90fd\u6709\u6536\u83b7\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6211\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6536\u94b1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
01<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u54c1\u724c\u8981\u8bf7\u4ee3\u8a00\u4eba<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u76ae\u683c\u9a6c\u5229\u7fc1\u6548\u5e94\uff08Pygmalion Effect\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u8fd9\u4e2a\u6548\u5e94\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7f57\u68ee\u5854\u5c14\u548c\u96c5\u683c\u5e03\u68ee\uff0c\u5728\u5c0f\u5b66\u6559\u5b66\u4e0a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u9a8c\u8bc1\u800c\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002\u610f\u601d\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u4f1a\u4e0d\u81ea\u89c9\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u81ea\u5df1\u559c\u6b22\u3001\u94a6\u4f69\u3001\u4fe1\u4efb\u548c\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u6697\u793a\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bb2\u5c31\u662f\u7231\u5c4b\u53ca\u4e4c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u7231\u5c4b\u53ca\u4e4c\u53ea\u662f\u5b8f\u5927\u7684\u76ae\u683c\u9a6c\u5229\u7fc1\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c40\u90e8\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u671f\u5f85\u6548\u5e94\u3001\u6697\u793a\u529b\u91cf\u7b49\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u6cd5\u5219\u3002\u5361\u8010\u57fa\u5728\u300a\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u300b\u4e66\u4e2d\u9610\u8ff0\u768428\u9879\u6210\u529f\u9ec4\u91d1\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u6e90\u5934\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u90fd\u6765\u81ea\u76ae\u683c\u9a6c\u5229\u7fc1\u6548\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u8fd9\u5e94\u8bc1\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u54c1\u724c\u559c\u6b22\u627e\u660e\u661f\u505a\u4ee3\u8a00\u4eba\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u603b\u4f1a\u89c9\u5f97\uff1a\u6211\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u660e\u661f\uff0cta\u7684\u63a8\u8350\u5e94\u8be5\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9519\uff08\u4f46\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5468\u6770\u4f26\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u9a91\u7231\u739b\u7535\u52a8\u8f66\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u6240\u4ee5\u522b\u7528\u8001\u677f\u6765\u7ad9\u53f0\u4e86\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5185\u90e8\u662f\u5d07\u62dc\u4ed6\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u987e\u5ba2\u559c\u6b22\u4ed6\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4ed6\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5927\u4f17\u7684\u7f51\u7ea2\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u9a6c\u4e91\u96f7\u519b\u5218\u5f3a\u4e1c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n 02<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u54c1\u724c\u603b\u662f\u5bf9\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u683c\u5916\u91cd\u89c6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u9996\u56e0\u6548\u5e94(Primacy Effect)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u9996\u56e0\u6548\u5e94\u662f\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u6d1b\u94a6\u65af\u9996\u5148\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4eba\u9645\u4ea4\u5f80\u4e2d\u4e3b\u4f53\u4fe1\u606f\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\u5bf9\u5370\u8c61\u5f62\u6210\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u9996\u56e0\u6548\u5e94\u662f\u6307\u4eba\u9645\u4ea4\u5f80\u4e2d\u7ed9\u4eba\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5370\u8c61\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5bf9\u5370\u8c61\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u5f71\u54cd\u5f88\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u4e2a\u4f53\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5370\u8c61\u201d\u6700\u5148\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5bf9\u5ba2\u4f53\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u5370\u8c61\u4f5c\u7528\u6700\u5f3a\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e5f\u957f\uff0c\u6bd4\u4ee5\u540e\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e8b\u7269\u6574\u4e2a\u5370\u8c61\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u66f4\u5f3a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u54c1\u724c\u603b\u662f\u5bf9\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6d88\u8d39\u7684\u987e\u5ba2\u683c\u5916\u4f18\u5f85\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5404\u79cd\u6253\u6298\u5404\u79cd\u793c\u5305\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u7535\u8bdd\u56de\u8bbf\u7b49\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6e29\u6696\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4f60\u73b0\u5728\u53bb\u5de5\u884c\uff0c\u5f00\u5361\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8d70\u8d35\u5bbe\u901a\u9053\u3002\u4f60\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u6b3e\u624b\u6e38\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u4e30\u539a\u7684\u65b0\u624b\u793c\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u5145\u503c\u90fd\u662f\u4e70\u4e00\u9001\u4e00\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7f8e\u5316\u7b2c\u4e00\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u76f4\u4eab\u53d7\u8fd9\u79cd\u9ad8\u4f4d\u4f18\u5f85\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5148\u5165\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5370\u8c61\u5728\u76f8\u5f53\u957f\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5f88\u96be\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u628a\u53cc\u5203\u5251\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709\u4e00\u6279\u65b0\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u7cdf\u7cd5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u60f3\u626d\u8f6c\u5370\u8c61\u7684\u6210\u672c\u975e\u5e38\u4e4b\u9ad8\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u9000\u4e00\u4e07\u6b65\u8bb2\uff0c\u54ea\u6015\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u8ddf\u8fdb\u670d\u52a1\u4e0d\u5230\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46\u9996\u6b21\u6d88\u8d39\u65f6\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u505a\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n 03<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e00\u652f\u5e7f\u544a\u53ea\u9002\u5408\u4f20\u9012\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5965\u5361\u59c6\u5243\u5200\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff08Ockham’sRazor\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5965\u5361\u59c6\u5243\u5200\u5b9a\u5f8b\u662f\u753114\u4e16\u7eaa\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u5723\u65b9\u6d4e\u5404\u4f1a\u4fee\u58eb\u5965\u5361\u59c6\u5a01\u5ec9\u63d0\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u7406\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5982\u65e0\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u52ff\u589e\u5b9e\u4f53\u201d,\u5373\u201c\u7b80\u5355\u6709\u6548\u539f\u7406\u201d\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5728\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6295\u5165\u5927\u91cf\u7cbe\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u8fd0\u7528\u5230\u5e7f\u544a\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u8bfb\u4e3a\uff1a\u597d\u5e7f\u544a\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u8bb2\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4e00\u90e8\u624b\u673a\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e0a\u767e\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u5e7f\u544a\u4e0a\u7ffb\u6765\u8986\u53bb\u53ea\u8bb2\u81ea\u62cd\u529f\u80fd\u597d\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u5a92\u4f53\u8d44\u6e90\u6709\u9650\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u7cbe\u529b\u8bb2\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u8981\u8d58\u8ff0\u5176\u4ed6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u65e0\u9700\u62c5\u5fc3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u597d\u5904\u6ca1\u8868\u8ff0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5373\u4f7f\u90fd\u8bf4\u4e86\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u4eba\u8bb0\u5f97\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u6bd4\u5982\u5927\u4f17\u6c7d\u8f66\u7684\u5e7f\u544a\uff0c\u4e00\u6761\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u8bb2\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u9a7b\u8f66\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u5012\u8f66\uff0c\u611f\u5e94\u5c3e\u7bb1\uff0c\u4e3b\u52a8\u96f7\u8fbe\u4e4b\u7c7b\u3002\u4f46\u90a3\u4e9b\u53c8\u8bb2\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u53c8\u8bb2\u8212\u9002\u6027\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\u5929\u7a97\u597d\u5750\u57ab\u70ed\u7b49\u4e00\u5927\u5806\u5171\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u53ea\u80fd\u6311\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u6ca1\u8bb0\u4f4f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n 04<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5e7f\u544a\u7247\u91cc\u603b\u7231\u5236\u9020\u9ebb\u70e6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u8036\u514b\u65af\u4e00\u591a\u5f97\u68ee\u6cd5\u5219\uff08<\/strong>Yerkes-Dodson Law\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u8be5\u5b9a\u5f8b\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u7126\u8651\u7a0b\u5ea6\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6548\u7387\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5373\u4e8c\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5448\u201c\u5012U\u578b\u66f2\u7ebf\u201d\uff1a\u7126\u8651\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8fc7\u9ad8\u548c\u7126\u8651\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8fc7\u4f4e\u65f6\u7684\u6548\u7387\u90fd\u5f88\u4f4e\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u7b49\u7126\u8651\u65f6\u7684\u6548\u7387\u6700\u9ad8\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u9002\u5ea6\u7684\u7126\u8651\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u5b66\u4e60\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u592a\u591a\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\u51fa\u73b0\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u4f1a\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u98ce\u5e73\u6d6a\u9759\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4eba\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6548\u7387\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u5178\u578b\u7684\u67a3\u6838\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u901a\u7bc7\u90fd\u5f00\u5f00\u5fc3\u5fc3\u6ca1\u6709\u60c5\u7eea\u6ce2\u52a8\u7684\u5e7f\u544a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5c55\u73b0\u5404\u79cd\u9ebb\u70e6\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u5e7f\u544a\uff0c\u4eba\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u8bb0\u4e0d\u4f4f\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u5236\u9020\u9002\u91cf\u7684\u7126\u8651\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u6bd4\u5982\u201c\u5b69\u5b50\u4e0d\u597d\u597d\u5403\u996d\u600e\u4e48\u529e\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5a5a\u793c\u5c06\u8fd1\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u7259\u9f7f\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u70b9\u9ec4\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u8b66\u60d5\u968f\u65f6\u968f\u5730\u4f1a\u53d1\u98d9\u7684\u8001\u677f\u201d\u4e4b\u7c7b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u5c0f\u7126\u8651\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u6709\u5982\u9ca0\u5728\u5589\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u88ab\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u4f53\u8212\u7545\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n 05<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u505a\u6709\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u8bc1\u8a00\u7684\u5e7f\u544a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u865a\u5047\u540c\u611f\u504f\u5dee\uff08false consensus bias\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 1977\u5e74\uff0c\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u6559\u6388LeeRoss\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5e38\u5e38\u9ad8\u4f30\u6216\u5938\u5927\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3001\u5224\u65ad\u53ca\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\u3002\u5f53\u9047\u5230\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u504f\u5dee\u4f7f\u4eba\u575a\u6301\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u77e5\u89c9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u8ba4\u77e5\u4ed6\u4eba\u65f6\u603b\u662f\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7279\u6027\u8d4b\u4e88\u4ed6\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u5047\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u81ea\u5df1\u7591\u5fc3\u91cd\u91cd\uff0c\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eba\u7591\u5fc3\u91cd\u91cd\uff1b\u81ea\u5df1\u597d\u4ea4\u9645\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u522b\u4eba\u597d\u4ea4\u9645\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u559c\u6b22\u73a9\u7535\u8111\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u9ad8\u4f30\u559c\u6b22\u7535\u8111\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u3002\u4f60\u4e5f\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u9ad8\u4f30\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u540c\u5b66\u6295\u7968\u7684\u4eba\u6570\uff0c\u9ad8\u4f30\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u5a01\u4fe1\u4e0e\u9886\u5bfc\u80fd\u529b\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u6240\u4ee5\u54c1\u724c\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4f1a\u7528\u201c\u5341\u4e07\u5988\u5988\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5168\u56fd\u9500\u91cf\u9065\u9065\u9886\u5148\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u606d\u795d\u7b2c1000\u4e07\u53f0\u552e\u7f44\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u521b\u610f\u70b9\u505a\u5e7f\u544a\u5ba3\u4f20\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u70ab\u8000\u4f01\u4e1a\u5b9e\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8425\u9020\u4e00\u79cd\u7fa4\u4f53\u8d8b\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u53561000\u4e07\u53f0\u5173\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5c41\u4e8b\u554a\uff0c\u6211\u4e00\u4eba\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e70\u4e00\u53f0\u3002\u4f46\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u6697\u793a\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\uff0c\u8001\u987e\u5ba2\u4f1a\u89c9\u5f97\uff1a\u770b\uff0c\u6211\u679c\u7136\u6ca1\u9009\u9519\uff0c\u4e0b\u6b21\u8fd8\u4e70\u8fd9\u4e2a\u724c\u5b50\u3002\u65b0\u987e\u5ba2\u4f1a\u89c9\u5f97\uff1a\u8fd9\u624b\u673a\u90fd\u5356\u4e86\u4e00\u5343\u4e07\u53f0\u4e86\u554a\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u53bb\u4e70\u4e2a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n 06<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u54c1\u724c\u8981\u505a\u5f62\u8c61\u5ba3\u4f20\u7247<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u53cc\u56e0\u7d20\u7406\u8bba\uff08hygiene-motivational factors\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 50\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u671f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u8d6b\u8328\u4f2f\u683c\u5728\u4f01\u4e1a\u8c03\u67e5\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u804c\u5de5\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u5927\u591a\u4e0e\u5de5\u4f5c\u73af\u5883\u6216\u5de5\u4f5c\u5173\u7cfb\u6709\u5173\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u6539\u5584\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u9632\u6216\u6d88\u9664\u804c\u5de5\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8d77\u5230\u6fc0\u52b1\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6545\u79f0\u4e3a\u4fdd\u5065\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5065\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u6709\u516c\u53f8\u653f\u7b56\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u76d1\u7763\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u6761\u4ef6\u3001\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u85aa\u91d1\u3001\u5730\u4f4d\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u5b89\u5b9a\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4f7f\u804c\u5de5\u611f\u5230\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u4e3b\u8981\u4e0e\u5de5\u4f5c\u5185\u5bb9\u6216\u5de5\u4f5c\u6210\u679c\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u6539\u5584\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u804c\u5de5\u83b7\u5f97\u6ee1\u8db3\u611f\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u5f3a\u5927\u800c\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u6fc0\u52b1\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e3a\u6fc0\u52b1\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u6211\u5b9e\u73b0\u9700\u8981\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u6210\u5c31\u3001\u8d4f\u8bc6\u3001\u6311\u6218\u6027\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6210\u957f\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u540c\u7406\uff0c\u54c1\u724c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e00\u76f4\u505a\u201c\u4fdd\u5065\u56e0\u7d20\u201d\u5e7f\u544a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u53cd\u590d\u8bf4\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5e7f\u544a\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u201c\u627e\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0a\u8d76\u96c6\u7f51\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u4e70\u623f\u5356\u623f\u53bb\u623f\u5929\u4e0b\u201d\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u662f\u6709\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5f3a\u5316\u4f60\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u4f46\u8bf4\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u5c31\u9ebb\u6728\u4e86\uff0c\u5f53\u540c\u7c7b\u7ade\u54c1\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u7684\u4fdd\u5065\u56e0\u7d20\u90fd\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u6fc0\u52b1\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5e7f\u544a\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u8bb2\u4f01\u4e1a\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u5ba3\u4f20\u7247\uff0c\u5c55\u73b0\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u53d7\u4f17\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u68a6\u60f3\u3001\u6539\u53d8\u3001\u521b\u65b0\u3001\u524d\u77bb\u7b49\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u5e26\u9886\u53d7\u4f17\u4e00\u8d77\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n 07<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u4e0d\u65ad\u51fa\u65b0\u4ea7\u54c1\uff08\u5305\u88c5\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u8fb9\u9645\u6548\u5e94\uff08Marginal utility\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e54\u6cbb\u970d\u66fc\u65af\u63d0\u51fa\u6b64\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8fb9\u9645\u8d21\u732e\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u5176\u4ed6\u6295\u5165\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e0d\u53d8\u65f6\uff0c\u8fde\u7eed\u5730\u589e\u52a0\u67d0\u4e00\u79cd\u6295\u5165\uff0c\u6240\u65b0\u589e\u7684\u4ea7\u51fa\u6216\u6536\u76ca\u53cd\u800c\u4f1a\u9010\u6e10\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u6295\u5165\u8d85\u8fc7\u67d0\u4e00\u6c34\u5e73\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u65b0\u589e\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4f4d\u6295\u5165\u6362\u6765\u7684\u4ea7\u51fa\u91cf\u4f1a\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u4eba\u4eec\u5411\u5f80\u67d0\u4e8b\u7269\u65f6\uff0c\u60c5\u7eea\u6295\u5165\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u6b64\u4e8b\u7269\u65f6\u60c5\u611f\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e5f\u8d8a\u4e3a\u5f3a\u70c8\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u63a5\u89e6\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u6de1\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\uff0c\u4f1a\u66f4\u6de1\u2026\u2026\u4ee5\u6b64\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u63a5\u89e6\u8be5\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e5f\u8d8a\u4e3a\u6de1\u6f20\uff0c\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u8d8b\u5411\u4e4f\u5473\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u54c1\u724c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u5347\u7ea7\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u4e0d\u65ad\u7684\u51fa\u65b0\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u9057\u5fd8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u8d85\u5e02\u91cc\uff0c\u6d77\u98de\u4e1d\u6362\u65b0\u88c5\u548c\u6362\u8863\u670d\u4e00\u6837\u52e4\uff0c\u5eb7\u5e08\u5085\u65b9\u4fbf\u9762\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u52a0\u4e2a\u86cb\u660e\u5929\u52a0\u4e2a\u83dc\uff0c\u65f6\u4e0d\u65f6\u9762\u997c\u5927\u4e00\u5708\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u80af\u5fb7\u57fa\u9ea6\u5f53\u52b3\uff0c\u65b0\u4ea7\u54c1\u5c31\u6ca1\u505c\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u98df\u7269\u6362\u82b1\u6837\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5e97\u5185\u88c5\u4fee\u8fd8\u65f6\u4e0d\u65f6\u7ffb\u65b0\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u8ba9\u4f60\u603b\u6709\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6700\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u82f9\u679c\u624b\u673a\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u51fa\u65b0\u54c1\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8fb9\u9645\u6548\u5e94\u7279\u522b\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u9500\u552e\u75b2\u8f6f\uff0c\u5e02\u573a\u4efd\u989d\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u5404\u8def\u5a92\u4f53\u7eb7\u7eb7\u5531\u8870\u3002\u4f46\u53d1\u5e03\u4f1a\u4e00\u5f00\u5b8c\uff0c\u54ea\u6015\u5c31\u662f\u5347\u7ea7\u51e0\u4e2a\u96f6\u90e8\u4ef6\uff0c\u7acb\u9a6c\u5168\u7403\u9500\u552e\u4e00\u7a7a\uff0c\u5708\u94b1\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n 08<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u603b\u8981\u53d1\u4f18\u60e0\u5238<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u7a7a\u9e1f\u7b3c\u6548\u5e94\uff08Birdcage Effect\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5a01\u5ec9\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u9e1f\u7b3c\u653e\u5bb6\u91cc\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6765\u5bb6\u91cc\u7684\u5ba2\u4eba\u603b\u4f1a\u95ee\u4f60\uff0c\u9e1f\u5728\u54ea\u5462\uff1f\u4f60\u517b\u7684\u9e1f\u6b7b\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\u5230\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u90fd\u89c9\u5f97\u522b\u626d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u53bb\u517b\u4e86\u53ea\u9e1f\u6765\u914d\u9e1f\u7b3c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u4e3e\u4f8b\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2aAPP\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5230\u624b\u673a\u91cc\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f60\u4e0d\u600e\u4e48\u6253\u5f00\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u91cc\u9762\u585e\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u4f18\u60e0\u5361\u548c\u6298\u6263\u5238\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u603b\u4f1a\u60f3\uff1a\u8981\u4e0d\u7528\u4e86\u5427\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u7535\u5546\u5e73\u53f0\u90fd\u559c\u6b22\u4e0d\u505c\u7684\u53d1\u4f18\u60e0\u5238\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6ef4\u6ef4\u3001\u997f\u4e86\u4e48\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u843d\u5730\u7684\u5546\u5bb6\u4e5f\u559c\u6b22\u8fd9\u4e48\u5e72\uff0c\u8d85\u5e02\u529e\u4e2a\u4f1a\u5458\u5361\u9001\u79ef\u5206\u9001\u6298\u6263\u5238\uff0c\u9022\u5e74\u8fc7\u8282\u9001\u5404\u79cd\u793c\u5305\u3002\u661f\u5df4\u514b\u7684\u4f1a\u5458\u5361\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u603b\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u4e00\u4e24\u5f20\u4e70\u4e00\u8d60\u4e00\u5238\uff0c\u52fe\u5f15\u4f60\u53bb\u559d\u559d\u559d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u4f18\u60e0\u5238\u5c31\u50cf\u9e1f\u7b3c\uff0c\u62ff\u5230\u624b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ed8\u51fa\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u7528\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u5185\u5fc3\u6697\u793a\uff1a\u62ff\u90fd\u62ff\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u597d\u4e8f\u554a\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u6d88\u8d39\u52a8\u673a\u5c31\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n 09<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u6709\u51d1\u5355\u3001\u56e2\u8d2d\u3001\u8fd4\u73b0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u76ee\u6807\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7406\u8bba\uff08Goal Setting Theory\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u7f8e\u56fd\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u6d1b\u514b\uff08E.A.Locke\uff09\u4e8e 1967 \u5e74\u6700\u5148\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u76ee\u6807\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7406\u8bba\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u5177\u6709\u6fc0\u52b1\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u80fd\u628a\u4eba\u7684\u9700\u8981\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u671d\u7740\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u65e2\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u76f8\u5bf9\u7167\uff0c\u53ca\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6574\u548c\u4fee\u6b63\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u4eac\u4e1c\u7279\u522b\u559c\u6b22\u5728\u4f60\u7ed3\u7b97\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u63d0\u9192\u4f60\uff0c\u8fd8\u5deeXX\u5143\u5c31\u80fd\u6362\u8d2d\u4e00\u5305\u536b\u751f\u7eb8\u4e86\uff01\u4e8e\u662f\u4f60\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\u4e70\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u7f8e\u56e2\u5916\u5356\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u63d0\u9192\u4f60\uff0c\u70b9\u591f58\u5143\u5c31\u514d\u5916\u9001\u8d39\u4e86\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4f60\u53c8\u53bb\u558a\u540c\u4e8b\u4e00\u8d77\u591a\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u6d88\u8d39\u65f6\uff0c\u5e2e\u4f60\u9884\u8bbe\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u53c8\u662f\u4f60\u7a0d\u5fae\u52aa\u52aa\u529b\u5c31\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u4ee5\u524d\u5f88\u591a\u5546\u573a\u641e\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u90fd\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u4e70200\u8fd4\u73b0100\u201d\u8fd9\u79cd\u76ee\u6807\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u6bd4\u76f4\u63a5\u62537\u6298\u8981\u597d\u3002\u4f46\u540e\u6765\u7531\u4e8e\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u67dc\u53f0\u53c2\u4e0e\u6709\u7684\u4e0d\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u6253\u6298\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u662f\u4e70400\u8fd4200\uff0c\u65e0\u5f62\u5f53\u4e2d\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u987e\u5ba2\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u90fd\u5931\u8d25\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u76ee\u6807\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7406\u8bba\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c55\u5f00\u505a\u66f4\u591a\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4e0d\u65ad\u5347\u7ea7\u7684\u4f1a\u5458\u5236\uff0c\u5145\u503c\u591f\u591a\u5c11\u8fd4\u591a\u5c11\u4e4b\u7c7b\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n 10<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u505a\u51cf\u4ef7\u6d3b\u52a8<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u767b\u95e8\u69db\u6548\u5e94\uff08<\/strong>Foot in the door\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u66fc\u4e0e\u5f17\u96f7\u745f\u4e8e1966\u5e74\u505a\u7684\u201c\u65e0\u538b\u529b\u7684\u5c48\u4ece\u2014\u2014\u767b\u95e8\u69db\u6280\u672f\u201d\u7684\u73b0\u573a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5b9e\u9a8c\u8005\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c45\u6c11\u533a\u529d\u4eba\u5728\u623f\u524d\u7ad6\u4e00\u5757\u5199\u6709\u201c\u5c0f\u5fc3\u9a7e\u9a76\u201d\u7684\u5927\u6807\u8bed\u724c\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c45\u6c11\u533a\u5411\u4eba\u4eec\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u906d\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u62d2\u7edd\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u4ec5\u4e3a\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u8005\u768417%\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5c45\u6c11\u533a\uff0c\u5148\u8bf7\u6c42\u5404\u5c45\u6c11\u5728\u4e00\u4efd\u8d5e\u6210\u5b89\u5168\u884c\u9a76\u7684\u8bf7\u613f\u4e66\u4e0a\u7b7e\u5b57\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u505a\u5230\u7684\u5c0f\u5c0f\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u8005\u90fd\u7167\u529e\u4e86\u3002\u51e0\u5468\u540e\u518d\u5411\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u7ad6\u724c\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u63a5\u53d7\u8005\u7adf\u5360\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u8005\u768455%\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6c42\u522b\u4eba\u505a\u4e00\u4ef6\u5927\u4e8b\uff0c\u522b\u4eba\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u62d2\u7edd\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u53ef\u9000\u5c45\u6c42\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5148\u8ba9\u522b\u4eba\u7b54\u5e94\u4f60\u4e00\u4ef6\u5c0f\u4e8b\u3002\u4f60\u95ee\u522b\u4eba\u501f1000\uff0c\u522b\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u501f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f60\u53c8\u8bf4\u5148\u501f50\u5427\uff0c\u522b\u4eba\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u7b54\u5e94\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u5728\u62d2\u7edd\u522b\u4eba\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u4e0d\u81ea\u89c9\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u6127\u759a\uff0c\u671f\u671b\u5c3d\u5feb\u5f25\u8865\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u6bd4\u5982\u4e00\u5219\u5e7f\u544a\uff0c\u8bf4\u672c\u4ea7\u54c1\u53ea\u8981998\uff0c\u4f60\u5728\u5fc3\u91cc\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0b\u4e86\u5b9a\u8bba\uff1a\u4e0d\u4e70\uff0c\u592a\u8d35\u4e86\uff01\u4f46\u5728\u5e7f\u544a\u672b\u5c3e\uff0c\u7a81\u7136\u8bdd\u950b\u4e00\u8f6c\uff0c\u73b0\u5728998\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u9a6c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u5355\u53ea\u8981298\uff01\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u4f1a\u5fc3\u52a8\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u4e0a\u6765\u76f4\u63a5\u558a298\u5462\uff1f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u65e0\u8bba\u4f60\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u4ef7\u683c\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u767b\u95e8\u69db\u6548\u5e94\u5c31\u4f1a\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u4f1a\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u6982\u7387\u906d\u5230\u62d2\u7edd\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4ece998\u5230298\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d7\u4f17\u5fc3\u7406\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u540c\u7406\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u770b\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u4ea7\u54c1\u6807\u6ce8\u7740\uff1a\u539f\u4ef7\u591a\u5c11\u3001\u73b0\u4ef7\u591a\u5c11\u3002\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u7ed9\u4f60\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4e\u4ef7\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd0\u7528\u4e86\u767b\u95e8\u69db\u6548\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u6d3e\u53d1\u8bd5\u7528\u88c5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u7980\u8d4b\u6548\u5e94(Endowment Effect)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u7980\u8d4b\u6548\u5e94\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u6cf0\u52d21980\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u5f53\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e00\u65e6\u62e5\u6709\u67d0\u9879\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8be5\u7269\u54c1\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u8981\u6bd4\u672a\u62e5\u6709\u4e4b\u524d\u5927\u5927\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u884c\u4e3a\u91d1\u878d\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u635f\u5931\u538c\u6076\u201d\u7406\u8bba\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e00\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u635f\u5931\u7ed9\u4eba\u4eec\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6548\u7528\u964d\u4f4e\u8981\u591a\u8fc7\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u7ed9\u4eba\u4eec\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6548\u7528\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u4e22200\u5757\u94b1\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u96be\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u661f\u671f\uff0c\u4f46\u6361\u5230200\u5757\u53ea\u4f1a\u9ad8\u5174\u534a\u5929\u5de6\u53f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n 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\u54c1\u724c\u559c\u6b22\u7ed9\u5a92\u4f53\u53d1\u65b0\u4ea7\u54c1\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u62ff\u7740\u65b0\u624b\u673a\u548c\u62ff\u7740\u4e00\u4efd\u8bc4\u6d4b\u62a5\u544a\u5199\u65b0\u95fb\u7a3f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u611f\u89c9\u4e0a\u5dee\u5f88\u591a\uff08\u53e6\u4ed8\u94b1\u7684\u8f6f\u6587\u9664\u5916\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u6700\u540e\u8bb2\u8bb2\u7528\u70c2\u7684\u9a6c\u65af\u6d1b\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8bd5\u7740\u628a\u4f60\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u54c1\u724c\u653e\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\u4e2d\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1\u3001\u751f\u7406\u9700\u8981<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5927\u53e3\u7545\u5feb\u559d\u7684\u53ef\u4e50\uff0c\u7761\u7684\u7279\u522b\u9999\u7684\u6795\u5934\uff0c\u611f\u89c9\u5403\u5230\u6491\u7684\u5168\u5bb6\u6876\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u9700\u8981<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5b89\u5168\u7ea7\u522b\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6c7d\u8f66\u3001\u7eff\u8272\u65e0\u6c61\u67d3\u98df\u54c1\uff0c\u6295\u8d44\u96f6\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u7406\u8d22\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n 3\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u5f52\u5c5e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u4e00\u751f\u53ea\u9001\u4e00\u4eba\u7684\u73ab\u7470\u3001\u5b5d\u656c\u7238\u5988\u7684\u8111\u767d\u91d1\uff0c\u94bb\u77f3\u6052\u4e45\u8fdc\u4e00\u9897\u6c38\u6d41\u4f20\u7684\u94bb\u6212\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4\u3001\u53d7\u5230\u5c0a\u91cd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u5168\u7403\u9650\u91cf\u7684\u9ed1\u5361\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u5730\u6807\u3001\u6bd4\u51fa\u79df\u8f66\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u4e13\u8f66\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n 5\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u5b9e\u73b0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u4e00\u5207\u7686\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u978b\uff0cThink different\u7684\u7535\u8111\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n 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